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第38章常识onSense
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托马斯·潘恩ThomasPaine
托马斯·潘恩（1737—1809），英国散文家、政论家。
出生于英格兰，才华出众，家境寒微，自学成才，学识广博，在自然科学和人文科学上都作过深入研究，渴望重建公平的社会秩序。
37岁来到美国费城，深受富兰克林的赏识。
本书所摘《常识》是他的成名作。
其他代表作有《危机》、《理性时代》。
文笔质朴，说理深入浅出，文风平易近人。
InthefollowingpagesImorethas，plais，andonsense，aherprelimilewiththereader，thanthathewilldivesthimselfofprejudidprepossession，andsufferhisreasonaodetermihemselves:thathewillputohewillnotputoff，thetruecharaan，andgenerouslyenlargehisviewsbeyoday.
VolumeshavebeehesubjectlebetweenEnglandandAmeriofallrankshaveembarkediroversy，fromdifferehvariousdesigns;butallhavebeeual，andtheperiodofdebateissasthelastresourcedecidethetest;theappealwasthechoiceoftheKiihasacceptedthege.
IthasbeehelateMr.Pelham（whothoughaerwasnotwithouthisfaults）thatoatheHouseofohathismeasureswereonlyofatemporarykiheywilllastmytime."Shouldathoughtsofatalandunmaheiesiest，thenameofaorswillberememberedbyfuturegeioion.
Thesunnevershinedoeros;snottheaffairofacity，aty，aprdom;butofat--ofatleastohpartofthehabitableglobe.It'snottheofaday，ayear，e;posterityarevirtuallyihetest，andwillbemoreorlessaffetotheeheproow.imeoftalunion，faithandhourenowwillbelikeanameehepointofapienderrindofayoungoak;thewoundwewiththetree，ayreaditinfullgro>
&hematterfrumenttoarms，aneoliticsisstruewmethodofthinkinghasarisen.Allplans，proposals，etc.priortothehofApril，i.e.totheentofhostilities，arelikethealmanacsofthelastyear;whichthoughproperthen，aresuperduselessnoasadvaheadvoeithersideofthequestioedihesamepoint，viz.，aunioain;theoweeieswasthemethodofeffegit;theforce，theotherfriendship;butithassofarhappehefirsthasfailed，ahwithdrawnherinfluence.
Asmuchhasbeensaidoftheadvantagesofre，which，likeanagreeabledream，haspassedawayausaswewere，itisbutrightthatweshouldexamirarysideument，andiosomeofthemanymaterialiheseiessustain，andalwayswillsustain，bybeihaoaihatahepriureandooseewhatwehavetotrustto，ifseparated，aoexpect，ifdepe.
Ihavehearditassertedbysome，thatasAmericahasflourishedunderherformerwithGreatBritaiioowardsherfuturehappiness，andwillalwayshavethesameeffegbemorefallathiskindument.Wemayaswellassertthatbecauseachildhasthriveduponmilk，thatitisohavemeat，orthatthefirsttwentyyearsofourlivesistobeeapretfortheeventhisisadmittihanistrue;forIanswerroundly，thatAmericawouldhaveflourishedasmudprobablymuchmore，hadnoEuropeaakenaheercebywhichshehasenrichedherselfarethenecessariesoflife，andwillalwayshaveamarketwhileeatiomofEurope.
Butshehasprotectedus，saysome.Thatshehaserue，ahetatourexpenseaswellasherown，isadmitted;andsheanddominion.
Alas!WehavebeenlongledarejudidmadelargesacrificestosuperstitioedtheproteofGreatBritainwithoutgthathermotivewasitadthatshedidusfromourenemiesonourat;butfromherenemiesonherownathosewhohadhuso，andaysbeourehesameat.LetBritaiensioihetthrowoffthedependendweshouldbeatpeacewithFrandSpaiwarwithBritain.ThemiseriesofHanover'slastwaroughttaiions.
Ithaslatelybeeediheieshaveoeachotherbutthroughtheparenttry，i.e.，thatPennsylvaniaandtheJerseys，andsoo，aresisteriesbythewayofEngland;thisislyaveryroundaboutroviionship，butitistheandonlytrueroviy（orenemyship，ifImaysocallit）.FrandSpainneverwere，norperhapseverwillbe，ourenemies，asAmeris，butasthesubjectsofGreatBritain.
ButBritaitry，saysome.Thenthemoreshameupo.Evedev，notsavagesmakeontheirfamilies;Wherefore，theassertiooherreproach;butithappensrue，oronlypartlyso，andthephraseparentormothertryhathbeeicallyadoptedbytheKingandhisparasites，istiofgaininganunfairbiasonthecredulousweaknessofourmiEnglaeriewworldhathbeentheasylumforthepersecutedloversofdreligiouslibertyfromeverypartofEurope.Hitherhavetheyfled，notfromthetenderembraother，butfromtheoissland，thatthesametyrannywhichdrovethefirstemigrantsfromhome，pursuestheirdestsstill.
Ieerofthegletthenarrowlimitsofthreehundredandsixtymiles（theextentofEngland）andcarryourfriendshiperscale;weclaimbrotherhoodwitheveryEuropean，andtriumphiyofthese.
Itispleasanttoobservebywhatregulargradatiotheforceoflocalprejudices，asweenlargeouracewiththeworld.AmanborninanytowninEnglaoparishes，willnaturallyassociatemostwithhisfellowparishioheirisinmanycaseswillbeon）anddistinguishhimbythenameofneighbor;ifhemeetshimbutafewmilesfromhome，hedropsthereet，andsaluteshimbytheownsmaravelsoutofthedmeethiminanyetstheminordivisioown，andcallshimayman;butifintheirfnexstheyshouldassoFranyotherpartofEurope，theirlocalremembrancewouldbeehatofEnglishmen.Andbyajustparity，allEuropeainginAmeriyotherquarteroftheglobe，areen;fland，Holland，Germany，orSweden，whehewhole，standinthesameplathelargerscale，whichthedivisioown，andtydoonthesmalleroinitedfortalminds.hirdoftheinhabitahisprlishdest.Wherefore，IreprobatethephraseofparentormothertryappliedtoEnglandonly，asbeingfalse，selfish，narrowandungenerous.
在以下的篇幅中，我只谈些简单的事实、普通的观点和常识。
除了希望大家能抛开偏见和成见，让理智和情感自行决定之外，没有其他什么要先向读者交代的。
只希望读者具备人真实的品质，确切地说，不要失去人的本质，胸襟宽阔有气度，能够眼光长远。
以英美战争为题材的书可谓洋洋大观。
出于不同的角度和不同的动机，各阶层人士展开争论。
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